Template:FeatsSummaryAD

Feats
name	type	description	prerequisites
Abyssal Mask	General	Call upon the Abyss to strike terror into the hearts of foes	Mul'niessa, Intimidate 1
Accursed Critical	General	Your spells carry an embedded curse that manifests when they strike true.	Critical Focus, ability to cast bestow curse or major curse, caster level 9th.
Acrobatic	General	You are skilled at leaping, jumping, and flying.	--
Acrobatic Steps	General	You can easily move over and through obstacles.	Dex 15, Nimble Moves.
Adept Champion	General	You can alter your smite ability, channeling the power of your deity into divine inspiration that grants you greater aptitude for performing combat maneuvers.	Smite evil class feature, base attack bonus +5.
Agile Maneuvers	Combat	You've learned to use your quickness in place of brute force when performing combat maneuvers.	--
Alertness	General	You often notice things that others might miss.	--
Alignment Channel	General	Choose chaos, evil, good, or law. You can channel divine energy to affect outsiders that possess this subtype.	Ability to channel energy.
Allied Spellcaster	General, Teamwork	With the aid of an ally, you are skilled at piercing the protections of other creatures with your spells.	Caster level 1st.
Angoron's Defender	General	Angoron is known as the god of strength and as a protector of those around him. You strive to embody these characteristics.	Giantborn, Intimidate 5
Animal Affinity	General	You are skilled at working with animals and mounts.	--
Apex Predator	General	Call upon the blood of dragons to inspire fear in the natural world	Sith-makar
Aquatic Combatant	General	You are trained to fight in the water.	Swim 1 rank
Aquatic Spell	Metamagic	You can cast your spells under or into water.	--
Arc Slinger	Combat	You can twirl your sling in a way that maximizes its effectiveness.	Point-Blank Shot, proficient with sling or halfling sling staff.
Arcane Armor Mastery	Combat	You have mastered the ability to cast spells while wearing armor.	Arcane Armor Training, Medium Armor Proficiency, caster level 7th.
Arcane Armor Training	Combat	You have learned how to cast spells while wearing armor.	Light Armor Proficiency, caster level 3rd.
Arcane Blast	General	You can convert any spell into an attack.	Arcane spellcaster, caster level 10th.
Arcane School Spirit	General	You can talk up the power of your own school of magic to such an extent that creatures find it more difficult to resist your spells.	Bluff 1 rank, arcane school class feature, gnome.
Arcane Shield	General	You can convert any spell into a defense.	Arcane spellcaster, caster level 10th.
Arcane Strike	Combat	You draw upon your arcane power to enhance your weapons with magical energy.	Ability to cast arcane spells.
Armored Athlete	Combat	You have experience using a skill when armored.	Light armor proficiency, medium armor proficiency, 3 ranks in any Dexterity- or Strength-based skill.
Artful Dodge	Combat	You are practiced at avoiding attacks when outnumbered.	Int 13+
Aspect of the Beast	General	Whether by magic or a curse of your blood, some part of you is more beast than man.	Wild shape class feature, ranger natural weapons combat style
Athletic	General	You possess inherent physical prowess.	--
Attuned to the Wild	General	You share a strong mystic connection with one type of wilderness terrain.	Llyranesi, Sylvanori
Augment Summoning	General	Your summoned creatures are more powerful and robust.	Spell Focus (conjuration).
Awaken the Giant	General	You possess a stronger tie to a specific giant lineage	Giantborn
Back to Back	General, Teamwork	Your ally's eyes are your own, and yours are his.	Perception 3 ranks.
Bashing Finish	Combat	You follow a powerful blow from your weapon with an opportunistic bash from your shield.	Improved Shield Bash, Shield Master, Two-Weapon Fighting, base attack bonus +11.
Bewildering Koan	General	You can pose unanswerable questions that leave creatures momentarily dumbfounded as they dwell on their significance.	Bluff 1 rank, ki pool class feature, gnome.
Binding Throw	Combat	You can strike your enemy and use the blow as an opportunity to grab and hold him.	Improved Grapple, Improved Trip, Improved Unarmed Strike, Ki Throw.
Bleeding Critical	Combat	Your critical hits cause opponents to bleed profusely.	Critical Focus, base attack bonus +11.
Blighted Critical	General	With a critical hit from a spell or spell-like ability, you give the target a minor spellblight.	Caster level 5th.
Blighted Critical	General	With a critical hit from a spell or spell-like ability, you give the target a minor spellblight.	Caster level 5th.
Blighted Critical Mastery	General	You control the type of spellblight your critical hits give your opponent.	Blighted Critical, caster level 9th.
Blind-Fight	Combat	You are skilled at attacking opponents that you cannot clearly perceive.	--
Blinding Critical	Combat	Your critical hits blind your opponents.	Critical Focus, base attack bonus +15.
Blood of the Dark Fae	General	Force your body to heal, by calling upon the dark power of chaotic ancestors	Oruch, 13 Con, BAB 4+
Blood Vengeance	General	Seeing an ally fall in combat fills you with a murderous fury.	Half-oruch or oruch, nonlawful
Bloody Assault	Combat	Sacrificing accuracy, you can inflict bloody wounds that are slow to heal.	Str 13, Power Attack, base attack bonus +6.
Bludgeoner	Combat	You can knock foes out cold with just about any blunt instrument.	--
Blundering Defense	Combat	Your feverish and sometimes comical defensive techniques offer enough distraction to aid allies.	Cautious Fighter, lucht
Boar Ferocity	Combat	Your flesh-ripping unarmed strikes terrify your victims.	Improved Unarmed Strike, Boar Style, Intimidate 6 ranks.
Boar Shred	Combat	The wounds you inf lict with your unarmed strikes bleed, giving you renewed vigor.	Improved Unarmed Strike, Boar Ferocity, Boar Style, Intimidate 9 ranks.
Boar Style	Combat	Your sharp teeth and nails rip your foes open.	Improved Unarmed Strike, Intimidate 3 ranks.
Body Shield	Combat	With a sly maneuver, you force a grappled opponent into the path of an incoming attack.	Dex 13, Improved Grapple, Improved Unarmed Strike, base attack bonus +6.
Bodyguard	Combat	Your swift strikes ward off enemies attacking nearby allies.	Combat Reflexes.
Bolstered Resilience	General	You can dramatically increase your damage reduction in exchange for its temporary loss.	Damage reduction.
Bonebreaker	Combat	When your opponent is unable to adequately defend against them, your precise unarmed strikes break bone and tear tissue.	Dex 13, Improved Grapple, Improved Unarmed Strike, Jawbreaker, Stunning Fist, Heal 9 ranks.
Boon Companion	General	Your bond with your animal companion or familiar is unusually close.	Animal companion or familiar class feature.
Branded for Retribution	General	You brand an enemy with your bane weapon, making it more vulnerable to your allies' attacks.	Bane class feature.
Breadth of Experience	General	Although still young for your kind, you have a lifetime of knowledge and training.	100+ years old
Break Guard	Combat	You can use one of your two weapons to occupy your opponent's defenses while attacking with the other.	Dex 15, Int 13, Combat Expertise, Improved Disarm, Two-Weapon Fighting.
Brew Potion	Item Creation	You can create magic potions.	Caster level 3rd.
Broken Wing Gambit	Combat, Teamwork	You feign weakness, making yourself a tempting and distracting target.	Bluff 5 ranks.
Bull Rush Strike	Combat	Your critical hits can push back your foes.	Str 13, Improved Bull Rush, Power Attack, BAB 9+
Bullying Blow	Combat	With a simple hit, you more easily intimidate an opponent.	Intimidate 1 rank, oruch
Burn! Burn! Burn!	General	You take the goblin love of arson and fire play to a whole new level.	Disable Device 1 rank, gobber
Burning Spell	Metamagic	You cause creatures to take extra damage when you affect them with a spell that has the acid or fire descriptor.	--
Cartwheel Dodge	General	You use your knack for avoiding damage to reposition yourself in combat.	Evasion class feature, improved evasion class feature, acrobatics 12 ranks.
Casual Illusionist	General	You can use your innate magic to create minor illusions that augment your efforts at trickery and deceit.	Gnome, gnome magic racial trait.
Catch Off-Guard	Combat	Foes are surprised by your skilled use of unorthodox and improvised weapons.	--
Cautious Fighter	Combat	You care more about survival than victory.	Lucht
Cavalry Formation	Combat, Teamwork	You are skilled at riding in close formation with your mounted allies without impeding your effectiveness on the battlefield.	Mounted Combat.
Channel Smite	Combat	You can channel your divine energy through a melee weapon you wield.	Channel energy class feature.
Channeled Revival	General	You can expend a large portion of your channeling power to reverse death itself.	Channel energy 6d6 (positive energy).
Channeled Shield Wall	General	You draw on your channel energy to enhance the protective ability of your shield and those of adjacent allies.	Channel energy, 3d6 prof iciency with a shield.
Channeling Scourge	General	Your zeal for hunting your faith's enemies empowers your ability to channel divine energy, as long as you channel that energy for harm.	Channel energy class feature, inquisitor level 1st.
Charge Through	Combat	You can overrun enemies when charging.	Str 13, Improved Overrun, Power Attack, base attack bonus +1.
Charging Hurler	Combat	You know how to use your momentum to enhance your thrown weapon attacks.	Point-Blank Shot.
Child of the Skies	General	The presence of open skies soothes and heals you	Egalrin
Chokehold	Combat	While grappling, you can cut off an opponent's air and blood supply.	Improved Grapple, Improved Unarmed Strike, base attack bonus +6 or monk level 5th.
Cleave	Combat	You can strike two adjacent foes with a single swing.	Str 13, Power Attack, base attack bonus +1.
Cleaving Finish	Combat	When you strike down an opponent, you can continue your swing into another target.	Str 13, Cleave, Power Attack.
Clinging Climber	Combat	Using leverage and pure brawn, you can cling to a cliff, rope, or ladder with your legs to free both of your hands.	Str 13, Climb 3 ranks
Close-Quarters Thrower	Combat	You are agile enough to avoid melee attacks while throwing weapons or bombs.	Dex 13, Dodge, Weapon Focus with selected thrown weapon.
Cloud Step	General	Your tread is of unearthly lightness.	Spider Step, monk level 12th.
Cockatrice Strike	Combat	With a single strike, you transmute flesh to stone.	Improved Unarmed Strike, Gorgon's Fist, Medusa's Wrath, base attack bonus +14.
Combat Advice	General	Your succinct words can aid an ally even in the heat of battle.	--
Combat Casting	General	You are adept at spellcasting when threatened or distracted.	--
Combat Distraction	General	Anyone who attacks you while you act like a lunatic exposes themselves to brutal counterattacks from your allies.	Goblin, Acrobatics 1 rank, Escape Artist 1 rank.
Combat Expertise	Combat	You can increase your defense at the expense of your accuracy.	Int 13.
Combat Medic	General	You know the urgency of treating wounds in the heat of battle, applying first aid to your allies with such speed that you assure no one gets left behind.	Heal 5 ranks.
Combat Patrol	Combat	You range across the battlefield, dealing with threats wherever they arise.	Combat Reflexes, Mobility, base attack bonus +5.
Combat Reflexes	Combat	You can make additional attacks of opportunity.	--
Combat Style Master	Combat	You shift between combat styles, combining them to increased effect.	Improved Unarmed Strike, two or more style feats, base attack bonus +6 or monk level 5th.
Command Undead	General	Using foul powers of necromancy, you can command undead creatures, making them into your servants.	Channel negative energy class feature.
Concentrated Splash	Combat	You can limit the splatter of your splash weapons to increase damage against your target.	Precise Shot or Throw Anything
Concussive Spell	Metamagic	You cause creatures to be disoriented when you affect them with a spell that has the sonic descriptor.	--
Contingent Channeling	General	You can imbue others with your healing energy so that they can use it at the moment of greatest need.	Channel energy class feature, Selective Channeling.
Coordinated Charge	Combat, Teamwork	You are an expert at leading your allies into the fray.	You have at least two other teamwork feats, base attack bonus +10.
Coordinated Defense	Combat, Teamwork	You are adept at working with allies to avoid being tripped, grappled, and subjected to other maneuvers.	--
Coordinated Maneuvers	Combat, Teamwork	You are skilled at working with your allies to perform dangerous combat maneuvers.	--
Cosmopolitan	General	Living in large, exotic cities has put you in touch with many diverse civilizations, cultures, and races.	--
Covering Defense	Combat	You are skilled at protecting yourself and your allies with your shield.	Shield Focus, base attack bonus +6.
Covering Fire	Combat, Teamwork	You distract your enemies with ranged attacks to protect your allies.	Point-Blank Shot
Craft Magic Arms and Armor	Item Creation	You can create magic armor, shields, and weapons.	Caster level 5th.
Craft Rod	Item Creation	You can create magic rods.	Caster level 9th.
Craft Staff	Item Creation	You can create magic staves.	Caster level 11th.
Craft Wand	Item Creation	You can create magic wands.	Caster level 5th.
Craft Wondrous Item	Item Creation	You can create wondrous items, a type of magic item.	Caster level 3rd.
Crane Riposte	Combat	You use your defensive abilities to make overpowering counterattacks.	Crane Style, Crane Wing, Dodge, Improved Unarmed Strike, base attack bonus +8 or monk level 7th.
Crane Style	Combat	Your unarmed fighting techniques blend poise with graceful defense.	Dodge, Improved Unarmed Strike, base attack bonus +2 or monk level 1st.
Crane Wing	Combat	You move with the speed and finesse of an avian hunter, your sweeping blocks and graceful motions allowing you to deflect melee attacks with ease.	Crane Style, Dodge, Improved Unarmed Strike, base attack bonus +5 or monk level 5th.
Create Sanguine Elixir	General	You can condense a fraction of your bloodline's power into a powerful elixir.	Cha 15, Brew Potion, Craft (alchemy) 12 ranks, sorcerer level 3rd.
Crippling Critical	Combat	You are able to maim a target and hinder its movement.	Critical Focus, base attack bonus +13.
Critical Focus	Combat	You are trained in the art of causing pain.	Base attack bonus +9.
Critical Mastery	Combat	Your critical hits cause two additional effects.	Critical Focus, any two critical feats, 14th-level fighter.
Crossbow Mastery	Combat	You can load crossbows with blinding speed and even fire them in melee with little fear of reprisal.	Dex 15, Point-Blank Shot, Rapid Reload, Rapid Shot.
Crusader's Fist	Combat	You pour divine energy into the enemy you strike.	Lay on hands class feature or touch of corruption class feature, Improved Unarmed Strike, base attack bonus +6.
Crusader's Flurry	General	You learned to use your deity's favored weapon as part of your martial arts form.	Channel energy class feature, flurry of blows class feature, Weapon Focus with your deity's favored melee weapon.
Crushing Blow	Combat	Your focus allows you to smash your enemy's defenses.	Improved Unarmed Strike, Stunning Fist.
Cudgeler Style	Combat, Style	You have learned to rush your foe and deliver a devastating blow.	Bludgeoner
Cudgeler Sweep	Combat, Style	Your powerful blows knock down opponents.	Bludgeoner, Cudgeler Style, BAB 5+
Cudgeler Takedown	Combat, Style	Opponents you batter to the ground stay down.	Bludgeoner, Cudgeler Style, Cudgeler Sweep, BAB 9+
Dark Sight	General	With further modification, your eyes can pierce the gloom of even magical darkness.	Mul'niessa, 6 HD+
Dauntless Destiny	General	Your ability to avert disaster is impressive.	Cha 13, Fearless Curiosity, Intimidate 10 ranks, human.
Dazing Assault	Combat	You can daze foes with wild attacks.	Str 13, Power Attack, base attack bonus +11.
Dazzling Display	Combat	Your skill with your favored weapon can frighten enemies.	Weapon Focus, proficiency with the selected weapon.
Deadly Aim	Combat	You can make exceptionally deadly ranged attacks by pinpointing a foe's weak spot, at the expense of making the attack less likely to succeed.	Dex 13, base attack bonus +1.
Deadly Grappler	Combat	When you're grappled, you become even more dangerous.	Dex 13+, Improved Grapple, Improved Unarmed Strike
Deadly Stroke	Combat	With a well-placed strike, you can bring a swift and painful end to most foes.	Dazzling Display, Greater Weapon Focus, Shatter Defenses, Weapon Focus, proficiency with the selected weapon, base attack bonus +11.
Deafening Critical	Combat	Your critical hits cause enemies to lose their hearing.	Critical Focus, base attack bonus +13.
Death or Glory	Combat	Even when facing a larger foe, you aren't afraid to take great risks in order to finish the fight.	Str 13, Power Attack, base attack bonus +6.
Deathless Initiate	Combat	For you, impending death is a call to wrath.	Str 13, Con 13, orc or half-orc, Diehard, Endurance, base attack bonus +6.
Deathless Master	Combat	Even if you suffer a grievous wound, you can shrug off the damage and continue your relentless assault.	Str 13, Con 15, orc or half-orc, Deathless Initiate, Diehard, Endurance, Ironhide**, base attack bonus +9.
Deathless Zealot	Combat	Only the most serious wounds can stop you.	Str 13, Con 17, orc or half-orc, Deathless Initiate, Deathless Master, Diehard, Endurance, Ironhide**, base attack bonus +12.
Deceitful	General	You are skilled at deceiving others, both with the spoken word and with physical disguises.	--
Deepsight	General	Your senses are especially keen in the utter darkness.	Darkvision 60 feet.
Defensive Combat Training	Combat	You excel at defending yourself from all manner of combat maneuvers.	--
Defensive Weapon Training	Combat	You know how to defend yourself against a certain class of weaponry.	Int 13, base attack bonus +5.
Deflect Arrows	Combat	You can knock arrows and other projectiles off course, preventing them from hitting you.	Dex 13, Improved Unarmed Strike.
Deft Hands	General	You have exceptional manual dexterity.	--
Demoralizing Lash	Combat	You cow your enemies with the lash of a whip.	BAB 1+, Intimidate 1 rank, arvek nar
Deny Death	General	Your ki is so strong that it can deny death.	Ki pool, Endurance
Desperate Swing	Combat	You land your most telling blows in desperate situations.	Cautious Fighter, base attack bonus +1, Lucht
Destroyer's Blessing	Combat	Breaking things adds to your power.	Oruch, half-oruch, rage class feature
Destructive Dispel	General	When you dispel an enemy's magical defenses, those defenses crash down with debilitating effects.	Ability to cast dispel magic or greater dispel magic, caster level 11th.
Devastating Strike	Combat	Pitting all of your strength and resolve against your enemy, you deliver a strike that is impossible to ignore.	Vital Strike, base attack bonus +9.
Diehard	General	You are especially hard to kill. Not only do your wounds automatically stabilize when grievously injured, but you can remain conscious and continue to act even at death's door.	Endurance.
Dimensional Agility	General	Teleportation does not faze you.	Ability to use the abundant step class feature or cast dimension door.
Dimensional Assault	General	You have been trained to use magical movement as part of your combat tactics.	Ability to use the abundant step class feature or cast dimension door, Dimensional Agility.
Dimensional Dervish	General	You teleport with a mere thought, savaging your opponents as you flash in and out of reality.	Ability to use the abundant step class feature or cast dimension door, Dimensional Agility, Dimensional Assault, base attack bonus +6.
Dimensional Dervish	General	You teleport with a mere thought, savaging your opponents as you flash in and out of reality.	Ability to use the abundant step class feature or cast dimension door, Dimensional Agility, Dimensional Assault, base attack bonus +6.
Dimensional Maneuvers	General	Your rapid teleportation makes your combat maneuvers more difficult to avoid.	Ability to use the abundant step class feature or cast dimension door, Dimensional Agility, Dimensional Assault, Dimensional Dervish, base attack bonus +9.
Dimensional Savant	General	You flash into and out of reality so quickly it is impossible to tell exactly where you are at any given time.	Dimensional Agility, Dimensional Assault, Dimensional Dervish, ability to use the abundant step class feature or cast dimension door, base attack bonus +9.
Directed Disarm	Combat	A weapon you pull from one enemy's grip flies toward another enemy.	Int 13, Combat Expertise, Greater Disarm, Improved Disarm, base attack bonus +11
Disarming Strike	Combat	Your critical hits can disarm your foes.	Int 13, Combat Expertise, Improved Disarm, base attack bonus +9.
Discordant Voice	General	By singing out a precise tone, you cause discordant vibrations to run through allies' weapons.	Bardic performance class feature, Perform (oratory or sing) 10 ranks.
Disengaging Feint	Combat	You can feint to disengage from combat.	Int 13, Combat Expertise, Improved Feint.
Disengaging Flourish	Combat	Distracting your opponents gives you the opportunity to make a swift retreat.	Int 13, Combat Expertise, Disengaging Feint, Improved Feint.
Disengaging Shot	Combat	You make one last attack before beating a hasty retreat.	Int 13, Combat Expertise, Disengaging Feint, Dodge, Improved Feint, Mobility.
Disorienting Maneuver	General	Your erratic movements disorient your opponent.	Dodge, Acrobatics 5 ranks.
Dispel Synergy	General	By tearing away an opponent's magical defenses, you leave your enemy vulnerable, making it difficult for him to resist your spells.	Spellcraft 5 ranks.
Dispelling Critical	General	Your blows attack the physical and arcane forms of your enemies at the same time.	Arcane Strike, base attack bonus +11, ability to cast dispel magic.
Dispelling Fist	General	By focusing on your knowledge of magic and spells that negate its powers, you use your bare hands to rip magical defenses from your enemy.	Improved Unarmed Strike, base attack bonus +11, ability to cast dispel magic, caster level 7th.
Disrupting Shot	Combat	With a well-placed shot, you make it harder for a nearby opponent to cast spells.	Dex 13, Point-Blank Shot, fighter level 6th.
Disruptive	Combat	Your training makes it difficult for enemy spellcasters to safely cast spells near you.	6th-level fighter.
Disruptive Spell	Metamagic	Your magical energies cling to enemies, interfering with their spellcasting.	--
Distance Thrower	Combat	You are accurate with thrown weapons at longer ranges than normal.	Str 13.
Divine Interference	General	You can convert a spell to interfere with an enemy's attack.	Divine spellcaster, caster level 10th.
Diviner's Delving	General	Your keen magical intuition makes reading signs, portents, and mystical clues quick and easy.	Spell Focus (divination).
Djinni Spin	Combat	You can surround yourself with the power of the storm, spinning like a hurricane to unleash a violent blast of electrical energy.	Con 15, Wis 17, Djinni Style, Djinni Spirit, Elemental Fist**, Improved Unarmed Strike, base attack bonus +13 or monk level 11th.
Djinni Spirit	Combat	By calling upon the spirits of storms, you can manipulate lightning to protect yourself and buffet your enemies with peals of thunder.	Con 15, Wis 15, Djinni Style, Elemental Fist**, Improved Unarmed Strike, base attack bonus +11 or monk level 9th.
Djinni Style	Combat	Your hands sheathed in an auras of lightning, you move like the wind.	Con 13, Wis 15, Elemental Fist**, Improved Unarmed Strike, base attack bonus +9 or monk level 5th.
Dodge	Combat	Your training and ref lexes allow you to react swiftly to avoid an opponents' attacks.	Dex 13.
Domain Strike	Combat	You unleash a domain power upon your enemy as part of your unarmed strike.	Domain class feature, Improved Unarmed Strike.
Double Bane	General	You extend your bane effect to two weapons.	Bane class feature, Two-Weapon Fighting.
Double Slice	Combat	Your off-hand weapon while dual-wielding strikes with greater power.	Dex 15, Two-Weapon Fighting.
Draconic Breath	General	You possess draconic defenses and a draconic breath weapon.	Sith-makar
Drag Down	Combat	When you are knocked prone, you are skilled at bringing your opponent down with you.	Int 13, Combat Expertise, Improved Trip.
Dragon Ferocity	Combat, Style	You attack with the strength of a dragon, your telling blows striking fear into your enemies.	Str 15, Improved Unarmed Strike, Dragon Style, Stunning Fist, Acrobatics 5 ranks.
Dragon Roar	Combat, Style	The spirit of the dragon wells up inside you and bursts forth in a mighty roar.	Str 15, Improved Unarmed Strike, Dragon Style, Stunning Fist, Acrobatics 8 ranks.
Dragon Style	Combat, Style	You call upon the spirit of dragonkind, gaining greater resilience, mobility, and fierceness from the blessing of these great beings.	Str 15, Improved Unarmed Strike, Acrobatics 3 ranks.
Dragonbane Aura	General	Those within your dragonbane aura gain the same protection that you do.	Aura of courage class feature, caster level 8th.
Dramatic Display	Combat	Your skill with your weapon is obvious to enemies and onlookers alike.	Dazzling Display.
Dreadful Carnage	Combat	Slaying an enemy demoralizes your other nearby foes.	Str 15, Power Attack, Furious Focus, base attack bonus +11.
Duck and Cover	General, Teamwork	Your allies assist you in avoiding certain attacks.	--